Biomechanical Analysis of the( Moy Skill) on the Parallel Bars and its Relationship to Strength and Motor Balance Variables

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the biomechanical variables of the Moy skill on the parallel bars and to reveal the nature of the relationship between these variables and the physical strength and motor balance variables of junior gymnasts. The researcher adopted a descriptive-correlational approach, and the research sample included (6) gymnasts proficient in performing the Moy skill. Their performance was analyzed using high-speed cameras and the Kinovea motion analysis software to obtain accurate data on joint angles, linear and angular velocities, acceleration, vertical displacement of the center of gravity, and torque. Physical tests were also conducted, including strength endurance, speed-strength, explosive leg power, and maximum strength using a dynamometer, in addition to static and motor balance tests. The results showed good homogeneity among the players in most physical and kinesthetic variables. They also revealed strong inverse correlations between the movement time of the moy skill and physical strength variables, with maximum strength showing the strongest inverse correlation with time (r = -0.82). Moderate to strong positive correlations were also found between vertical displacement of the center of gravity, angular velocity, linear velocities, and vertical acceleration, on the one hand, and physical strength variables, on the other. The correlation results indicated that balance—especially motor balance—is strongly linked to biomechanical variables, particularly the linear velocity of the feet (r = 0.69), vertical acceleration, and torque, demonstrating its importance in controlling movement during the performance phases. Multiple regression analysis showed that maximum angular velocity and vertical displacement of the center of gravity are the two variables most likely to predict the movement time of the performance, together explaining 79% of the variance in performance quality. These results indicate that the skillful execution of the moy depends on the integration of muscular strength, motor balance, and biomechanical variables that determine the trajectory of movement and the effectiveness of the transition to the support position. The research concludes that it is essential to focus on developing maximum strength and speed-strength, improving angular velocity and control of the center of gravity, and enhancing motor balance in gymnasts' training programs, given their pivotal role in improving skill performance on the parallel bars.