مجلة علمية دورية متخصصة في مجالات علوم الرياضة تشرف عليها هيئة تحرير مؤلفة من أعضاء ذوي القاب علمية متقدمة لهيئات التدريسي في عدد من كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في العراق والوطن العربي , وتهدف المجلة الى نشر بحوث علمية في مجالات علوم الرياضة تخضع للتقويم العلمي الرصين من قبل خبراء مختصين محليين وعرب .
جامعة ديالى -كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة
The Effect of Special Exercises on Some Basic Skills and Functional Variables in Football
The research objectives are to identify the components of these specific exercises within the first-year football curriculum. Also it is important to determine the impact of these exercises on the technical, skill-based, and functional aspects of first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science. The researcher used the experimental method as it suited the research objectives and hypotheses, the research problem, and the necessary solutions. The research community consisted of 12 first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences during the 2023 academic year.
University of Baghdad – College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2026 Journal of Sport Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Educational Units According to Kampsch Model on Teaching Volleyball Receiving Skills to Fifth-Grade Primary School Students
This study aims at developing educational units based on the Kempsch model to determine their impact on learning the volleyball receiving skill for fifth-grade primary students. The use of educational strategies, methods, techniques, and models aims to develop the educational process and improve learning. The units are designed according to the specific problem and are suitable for the research sample to achieve the objectives of the study. The researcher used an experimental design with two groups: an experimental group and a control one, using pre- and post-tests. The research community consisted of (98) fifth-grade primary students from Noon & Al-Qalam School, distributed to three sections (A, B, and C). After random selection, section (B) represented the experimental group with (20) students while section (A) represented the control group with (20) students. The pilot sample was randomly selected from section (C) with (10) students. After completing the field research procedures, the results are discussed and analyzed statistically. The most important conclusion was that the units of Kempsch model played a significant and effective role in developing volleyball receiving skills among fifth-grade students. The most important recommendation is that the researcher recommends using educational units based on the Kempsch model to teach basic volleyball skills to fifth-grade students..
Suggested exercises, Kampsch model, receiving skill.
The Effect of Interval Training Using Different Attacking Time Zones on Certain Physical Variables in Handball Players
Standardized training programs implemented regularly lead to rapid and consistent improvements in the functional, physical, and technical efficiency of athletes, ultimately achieving the goals of the training process. The success of the program is measured by the progress achieved by the athlete in the specific activity. To develop training programs for different sports, the coach must first consider the principle of specificity in training, that is, specificity based on the dominant energy system. In other words, the coach must identify the dominant energy system in that particular activity. The most important recommendations are: Coaches should base their training programs on the interval training guide. 2. The interval training program should be used to develop specific physical fitness components for handball.
Interval Training, Different Times, Attack Zone, Physical Variables, Handball
Identifying Appropriate Tests for some Physical Abilities to Select Players for Diyala Education Directorate's Basketball Team for the Intermediate Stage
Objectives Research: - To identify the most important physical tests for the players of the Education Directorate's basketball team. -To identify the identifiable factors in physical tests for selecting players for the Education Directorate's basketball team. -To develop a set of physical tests for selecting players for the Education Directorate's basketball team. To achieve these objectives, the research sample was defined carefully. The research community consisted of players from school teams participating in the basketball competitions organized by the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate, specifically the Directorate of Sports and School Activities in Baquba, during the 2023-2024 season. The research population were (32) teams, each with (10) players, totaling (320) players. The research sample consisted of (240) players, representing (75%), from (24) schools, selected randomly. After conducting pilot tests, the validity of the tests was confirmed, ensuring their scientific properties (validity, reliability, and objectivity), in addition to distinguish the research sample. It shows also the method of choosing the tests to represent the final set. Conclusions and Recommendations: Through the inter-correlation matrix consisting of (16) physical tests, (5) factors were identified through the analysis. These factors were then orthogonally rotated using Kaiser's Varimix method, resulting in (4) factors. The fifth factor was neglected. A group of physical tests was developed based on the identified factors for this study, with its units representing the highest level of the factors in the physical tests. These tests are: -Speed-strength test (forward support representing the first factor). -Agility test (lateral rebound run representing the second factor). -Hand-eye coordination test (representing the third factor). -Transitional speed test (high start sprint) (representing the fourth factor). The final group of tests is characterized by its simplicity to be suitable for basketball players.
Determine tests, physical abilities, basketball players
The Effect of Specialized Exercises Using Visual Aids on Learning Some Offensive Skills in Basketball for Students
The present research focuses on developing visual basketball exercises for students. This is one of the important topics due to its positive impact, as it presents information in an innovative and new way. Students learn by visually presenting a comprehensive model. Visual exercises are a vital element of learning and play a pivotal role in enhancing students' ability to perceive visual information, boosting focus and attention, and improving overall performance. Visual exercises contribute in improving students’ performance by enhancing their concentration and attention. The researchers believe that special exercises with adopting visual aids can play a significant role in improving offensive skills. This study aims at identifying the impact of specialized exercises using visual aids on students' learning of specific offensive basketball skills and to determine the differences between the pre- and post-tests of the experimental and control groups in learning these offensive basketball skills. The researchers used the experimental method with the experimental and control groups to suit the nature of the research problem. The research community was represented by second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala, for the academic year (2024-2025). The sample of the research included second-year male students from Five sections, totaling (457) students. The research sample was selected from section (B). The researchers randomly selected the control group, consisting of (20) students. The researchers selected the experimental group from the same section, consisting of (20) students through the lottery method. The field research procedures included conducting experiments and tests, which included (the chest pass test, the pat-and-stab test, and the ladder shot test). The application of the exercises began on Monday, 4/11/2024, with a duration of (90) minutes for the educational unit. The educational units include (15) educational units, at a rate of two educational units per week. Each training unit lasted 90 minutes, with the main part of the unit, which lasted 70 minutes as to be the focus of the study. Based on the results achieved, the study demonstrated a clear positive impact of specific exercises using visual aids on improving the learning of offensive skills. The visual aids contributed to providing clear and easily understandable instructions for the students. The study also proved the importance of visual aids as an educational device that improves players’ performance by integrating theoretical knowledge with practical (offensive) skills. The researchers recommend integrating visual aids into the sports education process and using them as an essential component of sports training programs to develop students' skill performance.
Specialized exercises, offensive skills, basketball
A Comparative Study of Cortisol and Glucagon Hormone Levels and Explosive Strength of the Freestyle and Greco-Roman Wrestlers
This research aimed to identify the levels of the hormones cortisol and glucagon, as well as speed-strength (explosive strength), in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. It compared cortisol and glucagon levels before and after exertion in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers, and also compared explosive strength variables between both groups. The researchers used a descriptive approach as it is the most suitable method for the research problem. The research community was selected purposively of ten wrestlers from the Army Sports Club specializing in Greco-Roman wrestling. It is divided equally between freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling. The SPSS software was used to statistically analyze the data and obtain the results. The results were then presented and discussed. The researchers concluded that high-intensity training sessions had a positive correlation with increased cortisol levels, particularly in freestyle wrestlers, due to the physical exertion they underwent. The training regimen affected glucagon levels in freestyle wrestling compared to Greco-Roman wrestling. This is because physical activity depletes glycogen stores in the body which causes increasing glucagon secretion to meet energy demands. The researchers recommended conducting similar experimental studies on other club players to identify differences in hormones, functional variables, and physical characteristics. It is advisable to be considered particularly in individual events. The researchers also recommended further studies examining variables and hormones that are not addressed in this study, such as endorphins, leptin, and ghrelin. Furthermore, the researchers emphasized the importance that the coaches conduct regularly these medical examinations of functional and hormonal variables in all sports for its significant impact on performances.
Cortisol, glucagon, speed-related strength, freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling.
The Effect of the Error Analysis Strategy on Learning the Snatch Skill Performance of First-Year Students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
This study aims to evaluate the mastery of the snatch skill, a fundamental weightlifting exercise, by students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala, through the use of error analysis method. The significance of the study lies in enhancing teaching by enabling students to review and correct their own errors, thereby boosting their self-confidence and motivation. The study included a sample of 32 first-year students, divided into two groups: an experimental group that used error analysis method and a control group that used the traditional method. The results showed a significant advantage for the experimental group in the post-test, confirming the effectiveness of error analysis in improving skill performance. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended generalizing this method in teaching sport skills and conducting further studies on other skills and different categories, with a focus on integrating modern technologies such as visual analysis into the educational process.
The Relationship between Biomechanical Variables, Pressure, and Symmetrical Balance Using Three-Dimensional Analysis in Jump Shooting Accuracy among Youth Basketball Players
The research aimed to identify some biomechanical variables, pressure, and symmetrical balance among young basketball players to identify a three-dimensional analysis of jump shooting accuracy among youth basketball players. It is also an attempt to identify the relationship between biomechanical variables, pressure, and symmetrical balance using three-dimensional analysis and jump shooting accuracy among youth basketball players. The researchers adopted a descriptive approach using correlational relationships to achieve the results of the research problem. The research community was defined as youth basketball players representing Iraqi clubs participating in Arab and international championships. The research sample is selected purposively of six players from Diyala Sports Club basketball team for the 2024-2025 season. The researchers select the best two out of five attempts, resulting in twelve observations. A pilot study sample of two players was selected from the same research community. The researchers concluded that the statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between biomechanical variables and symmetrical balance in jump shooting performance among basketball players. This indicates that improving any one of these factors can positively impact the overall performance of the players. It has been shown that players with better symmetrical balance demonstrate superior performance in the accuracy of the jump shot skill. This supports the hypothesis that balance and motor coordination are two essential elements in improving players’ performance. The researchers recommend applying advanced analysis techniques in training, advising coaches and researchers to adopt three-dimensional quantitative analysis methods within training programs
علم البـــايـــوميــكانيــك والتحليل الحركي
Biomechanical variables, pressure and symmetrical balance, 3D analysis, jump shooting, basketball
Predictive Value of the Chest Pass and Standing Shooting Skills Performance in light of Body Types of Female Basketball Players
This research aims at providing a scientific framework to understand the factors affecting the performance of chest pass and standing shooting skills in female basketball players. Understanding this relationship can help develop innovative training strategies aimed at improving performances based on accurate scientific data. This is highly important for sports science researchers to develop advanced and effective training methods. The research aims to identify the body types of female basketball players and to identify the relationship between body types and to determine the performance of the chest pass and standing shooting skills. The researchers adopt the descriptive approach with the survey method and the predictive correlation method for considering the research problem. The research community was determined intentionally to represent the players of the Iraqi Premier League for Women’s Basketball Clubs for the year (2024-2025), which represents (5) clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq of (60) players at a rate of (100%), represented by the clubs (Sabis Club, North Gas Club, Sennacherib Club, Afer Wadit Club, Akd Ainkawa Club) at a rate of (100%).The exploratory experiments sample was selected from the Bilad al-Rafidain Club of (12) players. The researchers concluded that the body types effect in a way or another to the performance of the chest pass and standing shooting skills. Accordingly, the level of chest pass and standing shooting skills was improved and the predictive values ​​of these skills were determined with reference to the body types. Therefore, the researchers recommend relying on the predictive value obtained by the study and emphasizing the transition of female players with body types appropriate for basketball. Similar studies should be conducted on other samples or other sports.
predictive value, body types, female basketball players
The Contribution of the Dynamic Reaction Speed in Some Compound Offensive Skills of Basketball Youth Players
This research sheds the light on the importance of the compound offensive skills in basketball, whether performed with or without the ball during the matches especially on the offensive side. The problem of the research lies in the fact that these skills, despite their importance, do not receive sufficient attention in the local training environment while the attention is directed to the offensive skills with the ball. Hence, the research objective was to identify the level of dynamic response speed among youth basketball players. Also it identifies the reality of their performance of compound offensive skills, as well as determines the percentage of the contribution of dynamic response speed to these skills. To achieve these objectives, the researchers used the descriptive approach, a survey method and a correlation study. They selected the research sample of (18) players of the specialized basketball school in Diyala Governorate, whose ages ranged between (17-18) years old. The exploratory experiment was conducted on Saturday 1/1/2025, followed by the implementation of the pre-test on Monday 1/13/2025. The main experiment began on Saturday 1/18/2025 and continued until 3/28/2025 at 9:00 A.M. The post-test was conducted on Saturday 3/30/2025 at 9: 00 A.M. The researchers analyzed the data statistically and discussed the results. It is concluded that there is a significant correlation between dynamic response speed and some compound offensive skills in basketball. The researchers recommended that focusing on improving dynamic response speed shows clear and positive influence on the accuracy of these skills among youth players.
Motor Reaction Speed, Combined Offensive Skills
Construction and Standardization of a Test Using a Manufactured Device for Shooting Accuracy from 7 meters for the Players of The National Center for Talent in Handball
The importance of the research lies in constructing and standardizing a test using a manufactured device for shooting accuracy from 7 meters. This modern addition to the measuring tools used in handball will contribute to the development of a new test using a manufactured device for the accuracy of some types of shooting for handball players. The research problem was identified after conducting personal interviews with experts and specialists. It became clear to us that the tests used to measure shooting skill on fixed squares without taking into account speed of performance. This does not meet the ambition and does not provide us with a true measurement for the test. Therefore, the need arose to construct a test that focuses on achieving shooting requirements during a match. The objectives of the research are constructing tests using a manufactured device to measure shooting accuracy from 7 meters in handball, identifying the degree of accuracy of players using the 7-meter handball shooting manufactured device. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the research objectives. The research community included players of the National Center for the Care of Sports Talent for Handball in Iraq. The research community is (105) players. (10) Players were excluded because they were goalkeepers and the specificity of their performance did not match the research requirements. The size of the construction sample is (60) players at a rate of (57.14%), and the standardization sample (86) at a rate of (81.90%) after adding the construction sample to them. Thus, the total research sample is of (96) players at a rate of (91.43%). The scientific steps were followed to build the test and extract the scientific foundations. After completing the construction process, the standardization experiment was conducted. After obtaining the results, they were processed statistically. Among the most important conclusions was reaching the construction of a shooting accuracy test from the 7-meter area, and determining the standard grades for the research sample in the shooting accuracy test from the 7-meter area. As for the recommendations, it is necessary to apply the shooting accuracy test from the 7-meter area to identify the players' level. Researchers and specialists can benefit from the shooting test.
The Effect of a Proposed Training Approach on Developing some Respiratory System Variables and Young Boxers’ Endurance Performance
The importance of this research lies in the use of modern devices to find out the sources of physiological adjustment and maturity in the player while utilizing the scientific foundations of the training program developed by the researcher. This activity requires that the effort should be divided across the three rounds, which requires a technique used to detect the sources of the respiratory system using a modern standardized device to assess the condition of the boxer during the rest, the fight, and afterward. This is to achieve two important principles: the first is the extent of the boxer's respiratory variables and the development of the ability to endure performance and win. The second is to implement training touches based on the scientific foundations related to respiratory endurance to enhance the physiological variables. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to investigate the effect of the proposed training method on developing boxers’ some respiratory variables and endurance performance, as well as to identify the differences in the boxers’ performance endurance in the pre- and post-tests. The experimental method was used to suit the research topic, as the research sample consisted of the Al-Shorta Sports Club boxers, numbering (six players), and homogeneity was achieved before dividing the sample into two groups, after which the experimental design for each group was adopted, in addition to determining the training program, which consists of (ten weeks), meaning (three) training units per week. Then, the researcher conducted the post-tests in the same way as the pre-test. The researcher concluded that there were significant differences at the practical application level of the test for all respiratory system variables. The physiological variables were not at a high level, demonstrating the results of the respiratory system's capabilities. Furthermore, the development levels of the results of the physiological systems specific to the respiratory system did not reach the planned level for the boxers in the research sample. Therefore, continuous field application is required to develop the level of performance endurance among the boxers in the research sample. The results showed significant differences in performance endurance. Using modern devices accurately determined the actual test for the number of boxers from a technical perspective. The researcher recommends that adding field training variables, such as intensity, repetition, and training methods, into the training program prepared by the researcher, increases the respiratory system's ability as far as performance is concerned. Moreover, it is recommended to consider the current study as a basis for estimating the level of pulmonary-respiratory variables and using the research-specific variables to determine the training level of the boxers.
Respiratory system variables, boxers' endurance performance.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 Journal of Sport Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the reality of adverse work behavior in youth and sports forums from the point of view of employees working in Diyala Governorate
The importance of this research is highlighted by its highlighting of the phenomenon of counterproductive work behavior in youth and sports forums in Diyala Governorate, which is considered one of the negative organizational behaviors that may affect the quality of institutional performance and reduce the effectiveness of programs and activities directed at the youth category. The importance of this topic increases as it touches a vital institution that aims to develop the energies of youth and direct them towards positive paths. The objectives of the research were to analyze the reality of counterproductive work behavior in youth and sports forums in Diyala Governorate by identifying its types, causes, and level of prevalence as seen by the working staff, and to determine the organizational and social effects of counterproductive work behavior within the forums, and to propose appropriate mechanisms to reduce it and improve the work environment in a way that reflects positively on the performance of youth institutions. The researcher used the descriptive approach with a survey style. The number of the research community was (139) workers. Accordingly, the most important conclusions were that the statistical data indicated that the low levels in a number of counterproductive work behavior axes, represented by (job withdrawal, slackness in performance, weak motivation, and counterproductive behavior towards colleagues and the institution), reflect the existence of a state of acceptable discipline and minimal negative behaviors among employees in the Youth and Sports Forums in Diyala Governorate, which is a relatively positive indicator of employees' awareness and commitment to professional behaviors. Reducing counterproductive work behaviors was recommended, as the researchers recommended adopting integrated organizational strategies aimed at reducing manifestations of counterproductive work behavior by promoting a culture of commitment and discipline, motivating positive behaviors, creating a supportive and stimulating work environment for cooperation and effective participation, and improving training and development programs for employees by providing administrative cadres in sports forums with advanced skills in counterproductive behavior to ensure the application of best practices in institutional work. These strategies also include periodic performance evaluation, enhancing motivation and institutional belonging, and achieving integration between the counterproductive work behavior axes.
Adverse work behavior , Youth and Sports Forums
The effect of using skill exercises on the technical performance of young soccer players under 19 years of age
Football is one of the most popular team sports around the world, and the use of skill exercises is very important in it for the performance achieved by the player, because it is a set of training operations that occur during the exercise and help the player change his motor behavior from one thing to another , and from here comes the importance of the research through the exercises performed by the player, which is one of the training methods that aim to develop skill capabilities . As for the research problem , and through their follow-up of local matches, they noticed that there is a weakness in the technical performance of skills, and the reason is that the local player lacks training with modern means. As for the research objectives: to identify the differences between the experimental and control groups in the research variables and the requirements of skill performance in youth football . As for the research hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests in specific endurance and skill performance requirements. As for the research areas: The human field: Diyala Sports Club youth football players. The time field: The period from (17/10/2024) to (3/5/2025) , the spatial field: Diyala Sports Club football stadium. The experimental method was used, as the research community for the current study is the youth of the Iraqi Premier League. The researcher chose the research sample intentionally , numbering (24), who are the players of the Diyala Youth. But The research sample is the model on which the researcher conducts the entirety and focus of his work. Therefore, (20) players were selected (10) players for the experimental group, and (10( players for the control group.
The Effectiveness of Teaching Using an Infographic Program in Learning the Arabian Jump Skill on the Floor Exercise Mat in Artistic Gymnastics for Students
The aim of this research was to develop educational units using infographics to teach the Arabian jump skill on a floor exercise mat in artistic gymnastics for students. The aim was to identify the effect of educational units using infographics on students' learning of the Arabian jump skill on a floor exercise mat in artistic gymnastics, and to identify the differences in post-tests between the experimental and control groups in learning the Arabian jump skill on a floor exercise mat in artistic gymnastics for students. The researcher adopted the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature of the research problem. The researcher used an experimental design with two groups (experimental - control) with pre-tests and post-tests. The researcher chose the research community intentionally which was conducted on third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Diyala for the academic year (2024-2025). The research sample included third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of (194) students. The research sample was randomly selected. Section (A) represents the experimental group of (35) students. Section (B) represents the control group of (35) students. The researcher concluded that the use of infographics contributed significantly to raising the level of learning and enhancing theoretical understanding related to dynamic skills, which was positively reflected in the quality of practical performance of the Arabian jump skill on the floor movement mat. This confirms that the use of infographics exceeds the effectiveness of traditional methods in teaching artistic gymnastics skills. In addition, the use of visual media, such as infographics, achieves integration between the cognitive aspect and practical performance, which is essential in teaching dynamic skills, as it contributes to consolidating technical concepts and organizing the mental processes necessary for dynamic performance. The study recommends adopting infographics as an educational tool. It is essential for teaching dynamic skills within physical education curricula, given its proven effectiveness in enhancing the learning process and the accuracy of practical performance. It is also essential to integrate infographics into the design of educational units, particularly in sports with precise dynamic sequences such as artistic gymnastics, to facilitate understanding and present them in an organized and accessible manner.
Teaching effectiveness, infographic, Arabian jump, gymnastics
تأثير برنامج تدريبي مهاري على تطوير مهارتي التهديف وضرب الكرة بالرأس في كرة القدم
يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على تأثير برنامج تدريبي مهاري في تطوير مهارتي التهديف وضرب الكرة بالرأس لدى طلاب كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة. استخدم المنهج التجريبي بأسلوب المجموعتين (ضابطة وتجريبية)، إذ خضعت المجموعة التجريبية لبرنامج تدريبي مهاري استمر لعدة أسابيع، في حين طبقت المجموعة الضابطة البرنامج التقليدي المعتمد في الدروس العملية. أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق معنوية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية في الاختبار البعدي، مما يدل على فاعلية البرنامج التدريبي المهاري في تحسين الأداء الفني والدقة المهارية للطلبة. وأكدت الدراسة أن استخدام مواقف لعب واقعية وتمارين موجهة يساهم في تطوير القدرات الحركية والتوافق العصبي العضلي، ويرفع كفاءة الأداء في المهارات الهجومية لكرة القدم، خصوصًا مهارتي التهديف وضرب الكرة بالرأس.
البرنامج التدريبي ، المهاري، التهديف، ضرب الكرة بالرأس، كرة القدم.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 مجلة علوم الرياضة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
بعض عناصر اللياقة البدنية وعلاقتها بمهارة الطبطبة بالدوران بكرة السلة لدى لاعبي نادي نفط الشمال
هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على علاقة الرشاقة والمرونة بالطبطبة بالدوران بكرة السلة لدى لاعبين نفط الشمال ، حيث استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب العلاقات الارتباطية لملائمتها لطبيعة البحث وتحقيقا لاهدافه ، أما مجتمع البحث فلقد تم إختياره بالطريقة العمدية وهم من لاعبي نادي نفط الشمال بكرة السلة واشتملت العينة على فئة اللاعبين المتقدمين والبالغ عددهم (10) لاعبين بنسبة( ٨٣.٣٣ %) من مجتمع البحث بعد إن تم استبعاد (٢) لاعبين للتجربة الاستطلاعية . ولقد اظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المرونة والرشاقة ومهارة الطبطبة بالدوران بكرة السلة ، كذلك اظهرت النتائج إسهام صفة الرشاقة في أداء مهارة الطبطبة بالدوران بكرة السلة، واستنادا الى كل ما تقدم اوصى الباحثون بضرورة الربط بين الأداء المهاري والحركي أثناء وضع البرامج التدريبية ووضعها بطريقة ملائمة للمنافسة ، اضافه الى ضرورة التأكيد على الاهتمام ببعض عناصر اللياقة البدنية ومنها المرونة والرشاقة بعد ان ثبتت علاقتهما المعنوية ، وكذلك أجراء بحوث مشابهة على قدرات بدنية أخرى وارتباطها بمهارات لعبة كرة السلة لما سوف يصب في خدمة هذه اللعبة خصوصا كونها ثاني لعبة شعبية على صعيد العالم .
التحليل البيوميكانيكي لمهارة الدورة الهوائية الأمامية المستقيمة على جهاز الحركات الأرضية في الجمباز الفني للناشئين
يهدف البحث الى التعرف على المتغيرت البيوميكانيكية لمهارة الدورة الهوائية الأمامية المستقيمة على جهاز الحركات الأرضية في الجمباز الفني للناشئين (زمن الصعود والهبوط ، المسافة الرأسية لمركز ثقل الجسم ، المسافة الافقية لمشط القدم ، القوة النسبية للدفع)، وقد قام الباحث باستخدام المنهج الوصفى باستخدام التحليل البيوميكانيكى نظرا لملائمتة لطبيعة البحث، وتم اختيار العينة بالطريقة العمدية من لاعبى منتخب العراق للناشئين للجمباز الفنى ، حيث تم اختيار عدد (1) لاعب فقط وهو أحد لاعبى المنتخب المتميزين فى رياضة الجمباز الفنى بوجه عام وبمهارة الدورة الهوائية الامامية المستقيمة على جهاز الحركات الارضية بشكل خاص ،حيث قام اللاعب بأداء (5) محاولات تم اختيار أفضلها وفقا لقرار المحكمين بخلوها من الاخطاء الفنية، وكان من أهم النتائج إستغرق الزمن الكلى للمهارة (1.82) ثانية بواقع (0.78) ثانية لمرحلة الارتقاء ، و(0.96) ثانية لمرحلة الطيران والدوران والهبوط ، و(0.08) للثبات ،زمن الصعود أقل من الهبوط مما يستدعى ضرورة توجية النظر نحو سرعة أداء الدوران أثناء الصعود حتى يتمكن اللاعب من الاعتدال والهبوط المتزن، الخروج العالى فى الارتقاء المزدوج يساعد اللاعب فى الوصول الى ارتفاع يمكنة من عمل الدوران ، وكان من أهم التوصيات ضرورة توظيف أدوات وبرامج التحليل البيوميكانيكي (مثل الكاميرات البطيئة وبرمجيات تحليل الفيديو) أثناء تدريب الناشئين لمراقبة وتحسين الأداء الفني بدقة علمية، تأهيل المدربين وتدريبهم على المبادئ البيوميكانيكية الأساسية التي تساعدهم في تقويم الأداء الفني للاعبين بشكل علمي..
التحليل البيوميكانيكى ، الدورة الامامية المستقيمة
The Impact of a Proposed Training Approach on Information Processing and the Acquisition of the Passing Skill in Handball among Students
The aim of the research is to identify the degree of information processing and some handball handling skills for Second -stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Diyala, and to prepare exercises in a training style for processing information and learning the handball handling skill for Second -stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Diyala. The researcher used the method. The two groups were experimentally designed (an experimental group and a control group) due to its suitability to the problem and nature of the research. The research population consisted of students from the Second stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala, for the academic year 2022/2023. They were chosen intentionally, and they numbered (265) students, divided into six groups, and the group was chosen ( A) and (C) were drawn by lottery, and Division (A) was chosen to represent the experimental group, numbering (25) students, and Division (C) represented the control group, numbering (25) students, which followed the established curriculum. The final group of members of the research sample reached (50) students. The research sample represented (18.86%) of the parent community. The researcher concluded that the curriculum prepared by the training method contributed effectively and positively to information processing and learning the handball skill of the Second-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Diyala, and that The diversity in the use of skill exercises has an effective and positive impact on information processing and learning the handball skill of handball among the members of the research sample, and the careful selection of exercises, their arrangement and repetition within the educational unit and according to the training method, as it contributed to organizing the skill experiences of the learners in a specific way according to the principles of information processing and attracting the attention of the learner Which made it easier to learn and teach the handball handling skill.
استراتيجيات مواجهة الازمات لدى تدريسيي وموظفي كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة وعلاقتها بالأبداع الاداري في جامعة تكريت
أهمية البحث تأتي أهمية هذا البحث من الحاجة إلى التعرف على مستوى استراتيجيات إدارة الأزمات لدى التدريسيين والموظفين الإداريين في جامعة تكريت، نظراً للدور الحيوي الذي تلعبه هذه الاستراتيجيات في تعزيز القدرة على مواجهة التحديات وتحقيق الإبداع الإداري داخل المؤسسات الأكاديمية، أهداف البحث: يهدف البحث إلى قياس مستوى استراتيجيات إدارة الأزمات لدى تدريسيي وموظفي كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في جامعة تكريت، فضلاً عن تحديد علاقتها بالإبداع الإداري، مما يسهم في تقديم حلول إدارية فعالة تعزز من كفاءة الأداء الأكاديمي والإداري، منهج البحث: اعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لملاءمته لطبيعة الدراسة، حيث تم استخدام أدوات قياس كمية لقياس مستوى استراتيجيات إدارة الأزمات ومستوى الإبداع الإداري لدى عينة البحث، عينة البحث: تكونت عينة البحث من (40) تدريسياً وتدريسية من مختلف التخصصات والرتب العلمية (مدرس مساعد، مدرس، أستاذ مساعد، أستاذ) ومن الجنسين (ذكور وإناث)، بالإضافة إلى (50) موظفاً وموظفة يعملون في مختلف فروع كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة ومقر عمادتها، حيث تم اعتماد أسلوب العينة القصدية الشاملة نظراً لدقتها في توفير نتائج أكثر موضوعية، الاستنتاجات والتوصيات: أظهرت النتائج أن أفراد عينة البحث يتمتعون بمستوى عالٍ من استراتيجيات إدارة الأزمات، مما يعكس قدرتهم على التعامل مع الأزمات بفاعلية داخل بيئة العمل الأكاديمي. وعليه، يوصي الباحث بضرورة تعزيز هذه الاستراتيجيات من خلال برامج تدريبية تهدف إلى تطوير مهارات الإدارة الفعالة للأزمات، إضافة إلى تفعيل ممارسات الإبداع الإداري لتعزيز جودة الأداء المؤسسي في الجامعة.
الأزمات، الاستراتيجيات، التدريسي، الموظف والإبداع
The Development Model of Sports Diplomacy in Iraq
This research aims to propose a model for the development of sports diplomacy in Iraq. The research method employed was qualitative, utilizing the grounded theory and the Glaser method. The study's statistical population consisted of experts in sports diplomacy in Iraq, including professionals in public diplomacountrycy and sports, high-ranking sport officials, professors of sports management, professors of international relations and political science, sports managers, and elite athletes. The sampling method used was purposeful sampling. A total of 67 concepts were categorized into four main categories: political-legal, economic, cultural-social, and communication. The political-legal category included subcategories of domestic policy with ten concepts and foreign policy with eight concepts. The economic category included subcategories of sports economy with six concepts and national economy with seven concepts. Based on the research results, it is recommended that special attention be given to the political-legal, economic, cultural-social, and communication dimensions for the development of sports diplomacy. Therefore, it is suggested that political and sports authorities work towards creating equal opportunities for men and women in sports to enhance sports diplomacy
تأثير تمرينات بأستخدام أقنعة نقص الأوكسجين في تطوير بعض المتغيرات الفسيولوجية والقدرات البدنية والمهارات الهجومية للاعبي كرة اليد المتقدمين
هدف البحث إعداد تمرينات بأستخدام أقنعة نقص الأوكسجين في تطوير بعض متغيرات الفسيولوجية والقدرات البدنية والمهارية للاعبي كرة اليد والتعرف على تأثير بأستخدام أقنعة نقص الأوكسجين في تطوير بعض متغيرات الفسيولوجية والقدرات البدنية والمهارية للاعبي كرة اليد وأستخدم الباحثون منهج تجريبي لملائمة مع طبيعة المشكلة وتم تحديد مجتمع البحث بلاعبي فريق نادي سوران بكرة اليد للمتقدمين ،وتم أختيار العينة عمديا وتكونت من (16) لاعبا وشكلت نسبة (80%) من مجتمع البحث ، وتم تقسيمهما عشوائيا الى مجموعتين متكافئتين تتكون كل منها من (8) لاعبين ،ان اختيار عينة البحث مرتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بالاهداف التي يضعها الباحث ،وتم التجانس بين مجموعتي البحث في (العمر والطول و الكتلة والعمر التدريبـي) وتم التكافؤ في(بعض المتغيرات الفسيولوجية والبدنية والمهارية) ،و اعتمد الباحثون على المصادر و المقابلة الشخصية والاستبيان والاختبارات والمقاييس كونها أدوات وسائل ضرورية لجمع المعلومات بغية الوصول إلى أهداف البحث، وتكّون المنهاج من (24) وحدة تدريبية للمجموعة التجريبية على مدي (8) أسابيع ، وبواقع (3) وحدات تدريبية في الأسبوع الواحد، ومدة كل وحدة تدريبية يتراوح ما بين (35-45) دقيقة، وبدأ تنفيذ المنهاج التدريبـي من قبل المجموعة التجريبية من (22/9/2024) ولغاية(21/11/2024) وبواقع ثلاث وحدات في الأسبوع الوحد،وبعد ذلك تم تفريغ البيانات ومعالجتها أحصائيا وفي ضوء الدراسة التي قام بها الباحثون تمكن من التوصل إلى الاستنتاجات الاتية: ظهور تطورمعنوي في كل المتغيرات البدنية قيد البحث نتيجة التدريبات بأستخدام أقنعة نقص الأوكسجين وبشكل إيجابي وقد أظهرته نتائج الاختبارات البعدية لعينة البحث، وايضا ظهور تطور معنوي في كل المتغيرات المهارية قيد البحث نتيجة التدريبات تدريبات بأستخدام أقنعة نقص الأوكسجين وبشكل إيجابي وقد أظهرته نتائج الاختبارات البعدية لعينة البحث، ويوصي الباحثون الى تشجيع العمل باستخدام التدريبات بأستخدام أقنعة نقص الأوكسجين خلال فترة الإعداد العام و الخاص الذي يعد من اسباب تطوير المتغيرات البدنية والمهارية و الفسيولوجية في كرة اليد واختيار الطرق والاحمال التدريبية الملائمة للمرحلة العمرية التدريبية ومراحل الاعداد للاعبين بحدوث التطور المطلوب.
تمرينات - أقنعة نقص الأوكسجين - متغيرات البدنية- فسيولوجية- كرة اليد.
دراسة تقويمية لبعض المهارات الهجومية للاعبي منتخب تربية ديالى بكرة اليد بأعمار (16-18) سنة
تساهم البحوث والدراسات العلمية في تقدم الالعاب الرياضية لاسيما الالعاب الجماعية على الصعيد القطري و الدولي ، تعد لعبة كرة اليد من اكثر الالعاب شهرة في العالم لما تتمتع من اثارة والمنافسة القوية بين الفريقين، تكمن أهمية البحث في التعرف على جاهزية الاعبين وكذلك التعرف على نقاط القوة والضعف للمستوى المهاري للاعبين من خلال اجراء اختبارات مرحلية لأهم المهارات الاساسية للاعبي منتخب تربية ديالى لكرة اليد ، اما مشكلة البحث قام الباحث بتبني توصية من توصيات بحث منشور ( قحطان:2025:12) والتي نصت على اجراء اختبارات على متغيرات اخرى ومنها الجانب المهاري، ومن هنا جاءت مشكلة البحث وهذا ما جعل الباحثان الى تبنيها والعمل على ايجاد نقاط القوة والضعف للاعبي منتخب تربية ديالى، استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي باسلوب المسحي، اما عينة البحث فتمثل بلاعبي منتخب تربية ديالى بكرة اليد باعمار (16-18) سنة، وتم اختيار المهارات الهجومية واختباراتها واجراء التجربة الرئيسة على عينة من مجتمع البحث وحصل الباحثان على البينات الاختبارات وتم معالجتها احصائيا ،ومن اهم الاستنتاجات ان الاختبارات حددت نقاط ضعف الحالة التدريبة للاعبين وبالخصوص مهارة الطبطبة ومن اهم التوصيات هو إجراء دراسات مماثلة في الجوانب التي لم تبحث في هذه الدراسة ومنها الجانب الحركي.
Designing a digital development model in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
The aim of this study is to propose a conceptual framework for digital development in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Kurdistan Region. The research population consisted of experts in the field who had expertise in the study area within the universities of the Kurdistan Region. For the qualitative part of the study, a sample of the population was selected using the snowball sampling technique, focusing on individuals with relevant knowledge and experience. A total of 17 participants were chosen, based on the point at which theoretical saturation was reached. The research method involved semi-structured interviews conducted both face-to-face and online. The validity of the findings was ensured through the validation process of the selected sample, with a reviewer agreement rate exceeding 71% in framing the indicators and confirming their consistency in the study. The results revealed a conceptual map consisting of 67 concepts, 22 sub-themes, and 7 main themes. These 7 main themes, or factors, were identified as follows: the capacity of the innovation ecosystem and educational technology, the challenges of digital transformation and development, the effectiveness of e-governance in physical education faculties, leadership mechanisms supporting digital development, the availability of digital infrastructure in physical education faculties, the involvement of the physical education community, and the digitalization of educational processes in the physical education and sports sciences faculties of the Kurdistan Region.In concludion, the digital development in these faculties is a complex, multi-dimensional, and multi-level process. Its success is influenced by various contextual (e.g., requirements, challenges), systemic (e.g., structure, management), axial (e.g., infrastructure, mechanisms, participation), and consequential (e.g., outcomes) factors. Therefore, it is recommended that the management of physical education faculties in the Kurdistan Region adopt the framework proposed in this study to guide their planning and implementation of digital development in the system.
Digitalization of education, digital university, digital development, Iraqi universities
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mental Health
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity levels and mental health outcomes among adults aged 18-65 years in an urban setting. Specifically, it sought to determine whether higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower psychological distress, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Participants were recruited from community centers, gyms, and online platforms, resulting in an initial sample of 500 individuals. After applying inclusion (physically capable adults) and exclusion criteria (individuals with diagnosed mental health disorders), 450 participants completed the study. The final sample comprised 220 females (48.9%) and 230 males (51.1%), with a mean age of 34.5 years (SD = 12.3). Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while mental health was evaluated with the GHQ-12. Demographic and lifestyle variables, including age, gender, smoking status, and sleep quality, were collected via a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis to explore the relationships among variables. The mean total physical activity score was 1,200 MET-min/week (SD = 800), with leisure-time activities contributing the most (mean = 750 MET-min/week, SD = 600). The mean GHQ-12 score was 3.5 (SD = 2.5), indicating low psychological distress, though 25% of participants scored above the cutoff of 4. A significant negative correlation was observed between total physical activity and GHQ-12 scores (r = -0.45, p < 0.001), suggesting that higher physical activity levels are associated with lower psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis revealed that total physical activity (β = -0.32, p < 0.001) and sleep quality (β = -0.25, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of mental health, explaining 18% of the variance in GHQ-12 scores (R² = 0.18). Moderating effects of demographic and lifestyle variables were not significant. The calculated effect size for the relationship between physical activity and mental health was medium (Cohen’s d = 0.50).
Physical activity, Mental health, Well-being
بناء اختبارين لدقة التهديف للاعبات أندية كوردستان الممتاز بكرة القدم الصالات
يهدف البحث الى أولاً: بناء اختبارين لمهارة التهديف للاعبات أندية كوردستان الممتاز بكرة القدم الصالات ثانياً: ايجاد درجات ومستويات معيارية لمهارة التهديف للاعبات أندية كوردستان الممتاز بكرة القدم الصالات، وتكمن أهمية البحث في ايجاد وسيلة قياس موضوعية لمهارة التهديف مع درجات ومستويات معيارية يمكن للمدربين والمهتمين باللعبة الاستفادة منها لمعرفة نقاط القوة والضعف عند اللاعبات، اما مجتمع البحث فقد تم تحديده من لاعبات أندية كوردستان الممتاز بكرة القدم الصالات والبالغ عددهن(70) وتم اختيار العينة بطريقة الحصر الشامل، وتم تطبيق التجربة الاستطلاعية على (5) لاعبات، اما عينة الثبات فقد بلغت(15) لاعبات، ولم يتم استبعادهن من التطبيق النهائي، وقد اعتمد الباحثون على المصادر العلمية والدراسات السابقة وعلى الخبرة الذاتية والاكاديمية في بناء الاختبار، و تم اجراء تجربة استطلاعية لتأكد من ملائمة الاختبارين لمستوى العينة وملائمة المسافة والاختبار وفهم العينة وفريق العمل للاختبارين، وبعد التأكد من الاختبارين من ناحية الأسس العلمية، تم تطبيق الاختبارين على العينة وتم التعامل مع الدرجات احصائياً وتوصل الباحثون الى عدة استنتاجات منها: بناء وتقنين اختبارين لدقة التهديف لعينة البحث بكرة القدم الصالات، ايجاد درجات ومستويات معيارية لعينة البحث.
بناء اختبار، دقة التهديف، كرة القدم الصالات
تأثير تدريبات الحجل الفردي والزوجي على الوسط الرملي في تطوير بعض متغيرات الأداء لعدائي 100 م
يهدف البحث الى التعرف على تأثير تدريبات الحجل الفردي والزوجي على الوسط الرملي في تطوير بعض متغيرات الأداء لعدائي 100 م في محاولة من الباحثين للحد من مشكلة ثبات وتدني المستوى الرقمي لعدائي محافظة الانبار في سباق 100م والمساهمة في إيجاد حل علمي لها من خلال التعرف على أسباب ذلك الضعف والذي قد يرجع إلى نمطية طرق التدريب التقليدية المستخدمة وعدم تنوعها , ولتطبيق إجراءات البحث قام الباحثون باختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العمدية من متسابقي 100 متر عدو بمحافظة الانبار/جمهورية العراق والمسجلين بالاتحاد العراقي لالعاب المضمار والميدان والبالغ عددهم (5) عدائين خلال الموسم الرياضي (2024/2025) , كما تم إجراء دراسة استطلاعية على عينة قوامها (3) عدائين من خارج عينة البحث الأساسية , وان أهم الإستنتاجات التي تم التوصل إليها هي ان تدريبات الحجل (الفردي/الزوجي) على الوسط الرملي لها تأثير ايجابي في تطوير أوجه القوة العضلية للرجلين (قيد البحث) لعدائي 100 م , كما ان التطور الحاصل في أوجه القوة العضلية كان له مردود ايجابي على تطور المستوى الرقمي , وان القوة العضلية للرجلين لها تأثير في طول خطوة العداء ومعدل ترددها مما ينعكس على سرعته.
تدريبات الحجل الفردي والزوجي , الوسط الرملي , متغيرات الاداء
الرشاقة ولحظة قوة الدفع للرجلين وعلاقتهما بأنجاز فعاليتي الوثب الطويل والثلاثي لطلاب المرحلة الرابعة
هدفت الدراسة للتعرف على الرشاقة ولحظة قوة الدفع للرجلين وعلاقتهما بالانجاز لفعاليتي الوثب الطويل والوثبة الثلاثية للطلاب المرحلة الرابعة جامعة ديالى التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة. أما مشكلة البحث فتكمن في ان هذه الدراسات قد تناولت جانباً معيناً للفعاليتين, كدراسة الصفات البدنية المهمة من صفات اللياقة البدني وهي صفة متعلقة بالجانب الحركي (الرشاقة ) و صفة متعلقة بالجانب المهاري (القوة الانفجارية) و كون ما يهمنا بهذه الفعاليتين الساقين (الرجلين ) كونهما الجزء الأكثر تأثير ولا يعني اهمال الأجزاء الأخرى كذراعين والجذع . مجتمع وعينة البحث إن الأهداف التي يضعها الباحث لبحثه والإجراءات التي تستخدمها ستحدد طبيعة العينة التي يختارها ".. لذا اختار الباحثون مجتمع البحث بالطريقة العشوائية وهم طلبة المرحلة الرابعة في كلية التربية البدنية و علوم الرياضة / جامعة ديالى، وقد تم أجراء التجربة الرئيسية للاختبارات المحددة.، وقد استخدم الباحثون الوسائل الإحصائية) الوسائل الإحصائية الآتيـة: - الوسـط الحسـابي، الانحراف المعياري) يتوقع الباحثان النتائج الاتية: توجد علاقات إيجابية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المتغيرات.
الرشاقة، قوة الدفع للرجلين ،الوثب الطويل ، الثلاثية
تطبيق الادارة الالكترونية في فروع كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة بجامعة ديالى من وجهة نظر تدريسيها
إنّ تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية في فروع الكلية، سوف يُمكّنْ التدريسين من التحكم بشكل أكبر في إدارة العملية التعليمية والادارية، ويعمل على اتاحة فرصة أكبر لمتابعة ما يجري يهدف البحث الى التعرف إلى تطبيق الادارة الالكترونية في فروع كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة جامعة ديالى من وجهة نطر تدريسيها ، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من (100) تدريسي، من مجتمع الدراسة تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية وأعد الباحث استبانة مكونة من (20) فقرة وقد تم استخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية (spss) للوصول الى النتائج المطلوبة في إجراءات البحوث وتوصل الباحث الى توعية التدريسين بأهمية الاعتماد على الادارة الالكترونية وتقنياتها في انجاز الاعمال المكتبية من أجل الابتعاد عن الحالات التقليدية ومنحهم الصلاحيات اللازمة لأداء اعمال الالكترونية.
تطبيق الادارة الالكترونية، فروع كيلة التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة
تأثير تدريبات العتبة اللاهوائية في تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركية وبعض المهارات الهجومية المركبة بكرة السلة للشباب
استهدف هذا البحث التعرف على تأثير تدريبات العتبة اللاهوائية في تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركية وبعض المهارات الهجومية المركبة لدى لاعبي كرة السلة الشباب. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، اعتمد الباحث المنهج التجريبي باستخدام تصميم المجموعتين المتكافئتين، لكونه الأنسب لمعالجة مشكلة البحث. تم تحديد مجتمع البحث من لاعبي المدرسة التخصصية بكرة السلة في محافظة ديالى، والذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين (18-17) سنة ، وبلغ عددهم (18) لاعباً، تم تقسيمهم عشوائيًا إلى مجموعتين متكافئتين: تجريبية وضابطة، بواقع (6) لاعبين في كل مجموعة. أجريت التجربة الاستطلاعية يوم السبت الموافق 1/1/2025 ، تلاها تنفيذ الاختبار القبلي يوم الاثنين الموافق13/1/2025. أما التجربة الرئيسة فقد بدأت يوم السبت(18/1/ (2025 واستمرت حتى 28/3/2025، بواقع ثلاث وحدات تدريبية أسبوعيًا، ليصل مجموع الوحدات إلى (36) وحدة تدريبية، تضمنت تطبيق تدريبات العتبة اللاهوائية ضمن الوحدات المعدة للمجموعة التجريبية. وفي يوم السبت الموافق30 /3/2025 ، تم إجراء الاختبار البعدي في تمام الساعة التاسعة صباحاً. بعد الانتهاء من جمع البيانات، قام الباحث بتحليلها إحصائيًا وعرض النتائج ومناقشتها. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن تدريبات العتبة اللاهوائية أسهمت بشكل واضح في تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركية، بالإضافة إلى تحسين مهارتي الخداع من الثبات والحجز الهجومي لدى لاعبي كرة السلة الشباب. وبناءً على ذلك، أوصى الباحث بضرورة تعميم مناهج تدريبية تعتمد على استخدام تمارين القوة العضلية كمرحلة تمهيدية قبل الشروع في تدريبات العتبة اللاهوائية لتحقيق أفضل النتائج.
العتبة اللاهوائية, سرعة الاستجابة الحركية, المهارات الهجومية المركبة