Predicting refereeing performance levels based on intellectual competence and mental alertness in student volleyball
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Abstract
To identify the level of refereeing performance in volleyball and the intellectual competence and mental alertness of students; to identify the correlation and contribution percentages between the level of refereeing performance in volleyball and intellectual competence and mental alertness; and to derive the predictive equation for these variables. he descriptive approach was used with the survey method and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the research. The research population was the third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Diyala University for the academic year (2025-2026). The research sample was selected randomly at a rate of (15%) from each section, as the sample number was (40) students. The selection of the level of refereeing performance was used in addition to the two scales of intellectual efficiency and mental alertness. After presenting and analyzing the data, a set of conclusions were reached, which were as follows: The research sample is characterized by a good level of refereeing performance in volleyball, as well as intellectual efficiency and mental alertness. In addition to the existence of a correlation and effective contribution ratios between the variables, and in light of the conclusions reached, a set of recommendations was made, which included emphasizing the use of the volleyball refereeing performance level selection form during the practical lessons in the volleyball subject for third-stage students, as well as emphasizing the development of skills and dimensions of intellectual competence that include (mental competence, physical competence, competence of the worker with others), as well as mental alertness skills that include (awareness, flexibility in awareness and attention, continuity in awareness and attention.
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