Designing a digital development model in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
The aim of this study is to propose a conceptual framework for digital development in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Kurdistan Region. The research population consisted of experts in the field who had expertise in the study area within the universities of the Kurdistan Region. For the qualitative part of the study, a sample of the population was selected using the snowball sampling technique, focusing on individuals with relevant knowledge and experience. A total of 17 participants were chosen, based on the point at which theoretical saturation was reached. The research method involved semi-structured interviews conducted both face-to-face and online. The validity of the findings was ensured through the validation process of the selected sample, with a reviewer agreement rate exceeding 71% in framing the indicators and confirming their consistency in the study. The results revealed a conceptual map consisting of 67 concepts, 22 sub-themes, and 7 main themes. These 7 main themes, or factors, were identified as follows: the capacity of the innovation ecosystem and educational technology, the challenges of digital transformation and development, the effectiveness of e-governance in physical education faculties, leadership mechanisms supporting digital development, the availability of digital infrastructure in physical education faculties, the involvement of the physical education community, and the digitalization of educational processes in the physical education and sports sciences faculties of the Kurdistan Region.In concludion, the digital development in these faculties is a complex, multi-dimensional, and multi-level process. Its success is influenced by various contextual (e.g., requirements, challenges), systemic (e.g., structure, management), axial (e.g., infrastructure, mechanisms, participation), and consequential (e.g., outcomes) factors. Therefore, it is recommended that the management of physical education faculties in the Kurdistan Region adopt the framework proposed in this study to guide their planning and implementation of digital development in the system.
تفاصيل المقالة
القسم

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
كيفية الاقتباس
المراجع
• Abdul Hassan Rahima Mashkoor. (2025). The Effect of the Biggs Model on the Learning of Some Simple Offensive Skills in Foil Fencing for Students. Journal of Sport Science, 17(64), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.26400/sp/64/3
• Abdul- Ridha, R., & Jader, AMA (2018). The impact of trust in using social media network in e-leadership: A case study in KAR group in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 7(2), 45-58.
• Abuowda, A., Iwidat, H., & Alawnah, M. (2024). Impact of E-leadership on organizational citizenship behavior of faculty members in higher education: information and communication technology as a mediator. Discover Education, 3(1), 48.
• Agustina, R., Kamdi, W., Hadi, S., Muladi, M., Nurhadi, D., & Umniati, S. (2020, September). Leadership Selection at Vocational Education Based on Digital Leadership Model Using AHP Method. In 2020 4th International Conference on Vocational Education and Training (ICOVET) (pp. 36-40). IEEE
• Ahmad, AB, & Cheng, Z. (2018). The role of change content, context, process, and leadership in understanding employees' commitment to change: The case of public organizations in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Public Personnel Management, 47 (2), 195-216.
• Ahmad, R. (2016). Emotional response and the frequency of psychological and relationship accurately the incidence of some types of assault with a weapon for players fencing foil. Journal of Sports Science, 8(27), 97-107.
• Ahmed, A., Mohammed, A., & Al-Janabi, S. (2013). Constructing and rationing measure of moral reasoning for the students of the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Mosul. Journal of Sport Sciences, 5(2), 79-124.
• Ahmed, AM, & Allawi, OW (2020). a Review Study on the Adoption of Cloud Computing for Higher Education in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. UHD Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1), 59-70.
• Ahmed, H. B. (2024). Percentages of contributions of the most important physic tability and movement among youth football player. JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES, 16, 61.
• Ahmed, RK, Muhammed, KH, Pappel, I., & Draheim, D. (2020, April). Challenges in the digital transformation of courts: a case study from the Kurdistan region of Iraq. In 2020 Seventh International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG) (pp. 74-79). IEEE.
• Al- Blaihed, NM (2021). The Degree of the E-Leadership Practice at Princess Nora Bint Abdul Rahman University of the Corona Pandemic. Journal of Educational and Psychological Researches, 18(68).
• Al- Mousawi, MM (2020). Transforming One-Stop E-Services in Iraq: Focusing on perception of Blockchain Technology in Digital Identity System. In 2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
• Alborz, A., Slee, R., & Miles, S. (2013). Establishing the foundations for an inclusive education system in Iraq: reflection on findings from a nationwide survey. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(9), 965-987.
• Alenezi, M., Wardat, S., & Akour, M. (2023). The need of integrating digital education in higher education: Challenges and opportunities. Sustainability, 15(6), 4782.
• Al-Husseini, S., & Elbeltagi, I. (2016). Transformational leadership and innovation: a comparison study between Iraq's public and private higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 41 (1), 159-181.
• Ali, BJ, & Anwar, G. (2021). Strategic leadership effectiveness and its influence on organizational effectiveness. International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computers, 6 (2).
• Aljanazrah, A., Yerousis, G., Hamed, G., & Khlaif, ZN (2022, October). Digital transformation in times of crisis: Challenges, attitudes, opportunities and lessons learned from students' and faculty members' perspectives. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 7, p. 1047035). Frontiers Media SA.
• Ameen, N., Willis, R., Abdullah, MN, & Shah, M. (2019). Towards the successful integration of e - learning systems in higher education in Iraq: A student perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(3), 1434-1446.
• Arnold, D., & Morer, AS (2018, October). Developing a Framework of e-Leadership Literacies for Technology-Enhanced Learning in Higher Education: A Delphi Study. In EDEN Conference Proceedings (No. 2, pp. 163-171).
• Avolio, BJ, Sosik, JJ, Kahai, SS, & Baker, B. (2014). E-leadership: Re-examining transformations in leadership source and transmission. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 105-131.
• Beaudoin, MF (2015). Distance education leadership in the context of digital change. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 16(2), 33.
• Boronenko, TA, & Fedotova, VS (2020). Prerequisites for the digital transformation of the Russian education system. Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology, 26(2), 70-78.
• Capogna, S., Capogna, S., & Mustica, AS (2018). The Challenges for Digital Society: Education and E-Leadership. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 4(3), 12-19.
• Dahnarco, G., Ramalho, FR, Barros, AC and Soares, AL (2019) 'Providing industry 4.0 technologies: The case of a production technology cluster', The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 30(2): 1-9.
• Ehlers, UD (2020). Digital Leadership in Higher Education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Leadership Studies, 1(3), 6-14.
• Farias-Gaytan, S., Aguaded, I., & Ramirez-Montoya, MS (2023). Digital transformation and digital literacy in the context of complexity within higher education institutions: a systematic literature review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-11.
• Fernández, A., Gómez, B., Binjaku, K., & Meçe, EK (2023). Digital transformation initiatives in higher education institutions: A multivocal literature review. Education and information technologies, 28(10), 12351-12382.
• García, I. (2015). Emergent leadership: Is e-leadership important in the quality of virtual education? RIED: Revista Iberoamericana de educación a Distancia.
• Gkrimpizi, T., Peristeras, V., & Magnisalis, I. (2023). Classification of barriers to digital transformation in higher education institutions: Systematic literature review. Education Sciences, 13(7), 746.
• Gruzina, YM, Mel'nichuk, MV, & Belogash, MA (2019). Leadership ideas shaped by digital insights in higher education. Управленческие Science, 9(4), 75-84.
• Habib, M. (2023). Digital transformation strategy for developing higher education in conflict-affected societies. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100627.
• Hameed, ARAG, & Sumari, PB (2024). Adoption and continued usage of mobile learning of virtual platforms in Iraqi higher education an unstable environment. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100242.
• Hendrix, SE (2013). Institutional capacity building and legal reform in Iraq: Toward innovation and public administration modernization. The Law and Development Review, 6(1), 225-253.
• Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T. and Greenwood, R. (2018) 'Digital innovation and transformation: An institutional perspective', Information and Organization, 28: 52-61.
• Ivashevsky, SL, Strokov, A. А., Savchenko, IA, Kurmelev, AY, & Dimitricheva, OI (2020). National identity in the context of digital transformation of education. In European Proceedings of Social and Behavioral Sciences EpSBS (pp. 398-403).
• Jawad, SN, & Al-Assaf, SI (2014). The higher education system in Iraq and its future. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 8(1), 55-72.
• Kahai, S. (2018). E-leadership: An essential section of doctoral leadership education. In Advancing Doctoral Leadership Education Through Technology. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Kotula, N., Kaczmarek -Ciesielska, D., & Mazurek, G. (2021). Social Media e-Leadership Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Higher Education. Proceedings of Computer Science, 192, 4741-4750.
• Langseth, I., Jacobsen, DY, & Haugsbakken, H. (2023). The role of support units in digital transformation: How institutional entrepreneurs build capacity for online learning in higher education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 28(4), 1745-1782.
• Laufer, M., Leiser, A., Deacon, B., Perrin de Brichambaut, P., Fecher, B., Kobsda, C., & Hesse, F. (2021). Digital higher education: a divider or bridge builder? Leadership perspectives on edtech in a COVID-19 reality. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 1-17.
• Maheshwari, G., Clarke, S., Nguyen, QAN, McClelland, R., & Kunte, M. (2024). Effect of E-leadership on employees' outcomes in the higher education sector during COVID-19 and beyond: A case study from Vietnam. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 17411432231222715.
• McCarthy, AM, Maor, D., McConney, A., & Cavanaugh, C. (2023). Digital transformation in education: Critical components for leaders of system change. Social sciences & humanities open, 8(1), 100479.
• Milenkova, V., & Manov, B. (2022). Digital Transformation in Education in Knowledge Society. In Smart Trends in Computing and Communications (pp. 31-39). Springer, Singapore.
• Mohammed, HO, Aziz, AI, Sadq, ZM, & Othman, BA (2020). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee's Effectiveness (The Case of Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(11), 201-217.
• Quy, VK, Thanh, BT, Chehri, A., Linh, DM, & Tuan, DA (2023). AI and digital transformation in higher education: Vision and approach of a specific university in Vietnam. Sustainability, 15(14), 11093.
• Shahoodh, G., Al-Salman, O., & Mustafina, J. (2020, December). Towards a Context-Aware Digital Government in Iraq: A Public Sector Employees' Perspective. In 2020 13th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) (pp. 283-286). IEEE.
• Shenkoya, T., & Kim, E. (2023). Sustainability in higher education: digital transformation of the fourth industrial revolution and its impact on open knowledge. Sustainability, 15(3), 2473.
• Testov, VA (2019). On some methodological problems of digital transformation of education. Informatics and education, (10), 31-36.
• Trevisan, LV, Eustachio, JHPP, Dias, BG, Filho, WL, & Pedrozo, E. Á. (2024). Digital transformation towards sustainability in higher education: state-of-the-art and future research insights. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(2), 2789-2810.
• Yaseen, M., Salih, HS, Aljanabi, M., Ali, AH, & Abed, SA (2023). Improving Process Efficiency in Iraqi universities: a proposed management information system. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics, 4(1), 211-219.