The Effect of Training on Unstable Surfaces on Improving Balance and Performance of Certain Rhythmic Gymnastics Skills

Abstract

 The importance of the present study comes from its vital role of balance in successful artistic performance in gymnastics. As a fundamental variable requiring a high degree of motor control and neuromuscular stability, it is a crucial determinant of competitive achievement. The significance of the study is further highlighted by the focus on a modern training trend; training on unstable surfaces. The study aims at developing unstable surface training exercises to improve balance and the performance of certain rhythmic gymnastics skills and also to identify the impact of unstable surface training on these improvements. The researcher employs an experimental design with a single pre- and post-test system. The research population consisted of third-year female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Samarra University during the academic year 2025-2026. The research sample, comprising 12 students, was selected randomly. The field research procedures included conducting experiments and tests such as static balance (standing with the foot crossed on the bar) and motor balance (eighth figure). The study also assessed the artistic performance of certain rhythmic gymnastics skills. (Scissor vault, gazelle vault, step vault, cat vault), the training period extended between (8) weeks and at a rate of (2) training units per week, and the time of the unit ranged between (45–60) minutes, so that the total training dose reached (18) training units during the application period. The researcher concluded that the training program using unstable surfaces proved to be highly effective in developing the special balance of rhythmic gymnasts, through the statistically significant increase in the results of the post-tests compared to the pre-tests in all the variables under study. Training on unstable surfaces contributed to improving the technical performance of some rhythmic gymnastics skills (figure octagon – scissor vault – gazelle vault – step vault – cat vault), which indicates a positive correlation between improving balance and improving the quality of skill performance. It is recommended that training on unstable surfaces be included in the preparation programs for rhythmic gymnasts, given its effective role in developing balance and skill performance.