Determine standards and levels for testing refereeing cases as an indicator for selecting student volleyball referees

معايير, مستويات, حالات تحكيمية

Abstract

       Volleyball is a popular game played by millions around the world. It is a game that is not limited to advanced levels, but goes beyond that to being a physical, mental and psychological activity that aims to achieve the highest levels of health and entertainment for all groups and ages and for both genders. It was noted that the researcher, through his review of most of the sources, research and studies, did not address or lacked the idea of ​​the research, which generated complete conviction in the researcher to delve into its details, as the researcher mentioned. He found, through his observation and follow-up of the fourth-grade students, as they are second-class referees, that it is necessary to determine the level of their mental ability. . Cognitive and psychological, using a set of tests and standards to obtain data that enables us to identify their standard scores and then the levels in a scientific and accurate manner. The game has basic pillars that must be in place to achieve success in matches, the most important of which is the refereeing body charged with managing and directing the match, which is responsible for raising and improving the level of refereeing and keeping pace with the times. The development that occurs in amending laws and interpretations related to the spirit of the law, as well as its enjoyment of the highest levels of mental, cognitive and psychological capabilities, which indicates a negative or positive impact. On their ability to make decisions, pay attention, and then focus in difficult and different situations.

The study aimed to: